History and Culture Chongqing is an ancient city enjoying a history of 3,000 years. The earliest Wushan Man was found living in the area. The ancient Ba Kingdom and the Xia Kingdom once set their capital here, and thus developed the distinct Ba & Shu Culture. The name 'Chongqing' was gained in the South Song Dynasty (1127-1279) when Guang Zong (Emperor Guang) ascended the throne meaning 'double happiness'. During World War II, the Kuomintang Government retreated to Chongqing and made it the center of politics and economy. Those were queasy times. In the year 1997 it was made one of the municipalities, and was in the direct control of the central government in 1953.